<scp>MAD</scp> water: Integrating modular, adaptive, and decentralized approaches for water security in the climate change era
نویسندگان
چکیده
Centralized water infrastructure has, over the last century, brought safe and reliable drinking to much of world. But climate change, combined with aging underfunded infrastructure, is increasingly testing limits of—and reversing gains made by—this approach. To address these growing strains gaps, we must assess advance alternatives centralized provision sanitation. The literature rife examples systems that are neither nor networked, yet meet needs local communities in important ways, including: informal hybrid systems, decentralized provision, community-based management, small point-of-use treatment, small-scale vendors, packaged water. Our work builds on literatures by proposing a convergence approach can integrate explore benefits challenges modular, adaptive, (“MAD”) sanitation, often foregrounding advances engineering technology. We further provide frameworks evaluate justice, economic feasibility, governance, human health, environmental sustainability as key parameters MAD system performance. This article categorized under: Engineering Water > Water, Health, Sanitation Human Governance Sustainable
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['2049-1948']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1680